{"id":2634,"date":"2012-12-04T15:44:18","date_gmt":"2012-12-04T14:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress-24506-nenadlekan.vpsapps.net\/?p=2634"},"modified":"2015-10-15T13:03:12","modified_gmt":"2015-10-15T11:03:12","slug":"stari-zanati-vestine-majstora-iz-davnina-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serbia.com\/srpski\/stari-zanati-vestine-majstora-iz-davnina-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Stari zanati, ve\u0161tine majstora iz davnina"},"content":{"rendered":"

Znanje i ume\u0107e starih majstora, kao osnovna \u017eivotna delatnost koju oli\u010davaju zanati i rukotvorine neobi\u010dne lepote, o\u010duvani su do danas.<\/h4>\n

U eri napredne tehnologije, u Srbiji i dalje brojni majstori daju sve od sebe da se od zaborava sa\u010duvaju stari zanati<\/strong> i odr\u017ee porodi\u010dne tradicije. U malim radionicama<\/strong>, sme\u0161tenim u starim ku\u0107ama ili podrumskim prostorijama, trude se da o\u010duvaju na\u010din obrade i tehniku rada iz davnina.<\/p>\n

Pojam “zanat” je balkanski turcizam arapskog porekla i ozna\u010dava ve\u0161tinu ili znanje.<\/p>\n

Pojedini zanati, osnovani na prastarom iskustvu staroslovenske i azijske kulture, bili su va\u017ena privredna grana starih naselja.\u00a0Prvi podaci o zanatima nalaze se u srpskim vladarskim poveljama iz 14. veka, u popisima zanatlija koji se, zajedno sa selima i imanjima, dodeljuju odre\u0111enim manastirima<\/a>.\u00a0U popisu stanovni\u0161tva iz 1455. godine zabele\u017eene su zanatlije: kova\u010di, obu\u0107ari, kroja\u010di, ko\u017euhari, mesari, pekari, grn\u010dari, klesari, kolari, vodeni\u010dari, kr\u010dmari i travari.<\/p>\n

Dolaskom Turaka, pominju se novi zanati orijentalnog porekla kojima su se uglavnom bavili muslimani i koji su bili vezani za gradove – kujund\u017eije, bravari, tabaci, \u0107ur\u010dije, kazazi, papu\u010dije, berberi, sapund\u017eije, potkiva\u010di, kazand\u017eije, sabljari, bozad\u017eije i halvad\u017eije.\u00a0I zate\u010deni zanati po\u010deli su da primenjuju nova, orijentalna ume\u0107a, posebno u obradi ko\u017ee i metala, pa se tako nekada\u0161nji zlatari nazivaju kujund\u017eije, a \u0161tavlja\u010di ko\u017ee \u2013 tabaci.<\/p>\n

Sredinom 16. veka u Prizrenu<\/a> je zabele\u017eeno pedesetak, a u Beogradu<\/a> tridesetak zanata, a zna\u010dajnu ulogu zanati su imali i u centrima kao \u0161to su U\u017eice, Ni\u0161<\/a> i Smederevo<\/a>, kao i svi gradovi na Kosovu i Metohiji. Za razliku od grada, po selima je postojao znatno ve\u0107i broj kova\u010da, vodeni\u010dara i grn\u010dara, kao i ostalih zanatlija vezanih za primitivniji na\u010din \u017eivljenja.<\/p>\n

\"27<\/a>
Tradicionalni na\u010din proizvodnje \u0107umura \u010duva se jo\u0161 samo u nekim krajevima Srbije<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Polovinom 18. veka postepeno je rastao broj zanatlija \u2013 hri\u0161\u0107ana, najvi\u0161e Srba i Cincara, koji su bili: pekari, mehand\u017eije, kujund\u017eije, opan\u010dari, \u0107ur\u010dije, terzije, bojad\u017eije i dr.\u00a0Zanatlije su bile organizovane u udru\u017eenja zanatlija \u2013 esnafe, koji su se starali o \u0161kolovanju podmlatka i unapre\u0111enju zanata, vodili brigu o \u010dlanovima koji nisu mogli vi\u0161e da privre\u0111uju i re\u0161avali sporove u sopstvenim redovima, a za za\u0161titu svojih prava pred vlastima istupali kao celina.\u00a0\u0160kolovanje i obuka trajali su godinama – \u0161egrt (zanatlijski u\u010denik) polagao je ispit za kalfu (zanatlijski pomo\u0107nik), a kalfa za majstora.<\/p>\n

Tokom 19. veka, posle oslobo\u0111enja od turske okupacije, srpske zanatlije preuzele su primat u bavljenju starim zanatima u Beogradu i drugim gradovima Srbije<\/a>.\u00a0Istovremeno, prido\u0161le zanatlije iz Austrougarske donele su nove zanate i elemente zapadnoevropske kulture.<\/p>\n

Krajem 19. veka potrebe za zanatskim proizvodima jenjavaju zbog pojave pristupa\u010dnije poluindustrijske i industrijske robe. Zanatska proizvodnja postepeno je slabila i odumirala, a u prvim decenijama 20. veka uslu\u017ene delatnosti sve vi\u0161e postaju osobenost gradskih i varo\u0161kih zanatlija.<\/p>\n

Posle Drugog svetskog rata nestaju dru\u0161tvene i ekonomske osnove zanatske proizvodnje, propagiranjem masovne industrijske i nipoda\u0161tavanjem vrednosti ru\u010dnog rada.<\/p>\n

Tradicionalne alatke zanatlija, poluproizvodi, proizvodi i inventar pojedinih radionica, danas su predmeti muzejskih zbirki od velike vrednosti<\/strong>. Oni su segment materijalne kulturne ba\u0161tine i svedo\u010danstvo jednog vremena koje je nestalo u sveop\u0161toj modernizaciji i globalizaciji svakodnevnog \u017eivota.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Znanje i ume\u0107e starih majstora, kao osnovna \u017eivotna delatnost koju oli\u010davaju zanati i rukotvorine neobi\u010dne lepote, o\u010duvani su do danas. U eri napredne tehnologije, u Srbiji i dalje brojni majstori […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":266,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[973,2846],"tags":[1050,1049,3615],"class_list":["post-2634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etno-nasledje","category-istaknuto","tag-naslede-srpski","tag-tradicija-srpski","tag-zanati","post_format-post-format-image"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStari zanati, ve\u0161tine majstora iz davnina - Serbia.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Znanje i ume\u0107e starih majstora, kao osnovna \u017eivotna delatnost koju oli\u010davaju zanati i rukotvorine neobi\u010dne lepote, o\u010duvani su do danas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/serbia.com\/srpski\/stari-zanati-vestine-majstora-iz-davnina-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stari zanati, ve\u0161tine majstora iz davnina - 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